Focus: From Sole Proprietorship to GmbH

Focus: From Sole Proprietorship to GmbH

With growing success and increasing revenue, clients repeatedly approach us with their sole proprietorships or their GbRs (partnerships under German civil law) in order to convert them into a GmbH and benefit from the associated limitation of liability and the opportunities for tax optimisation. Changing the legal form to a GmbH is then the logical next step.

An elegant way of achieving a tax-neutral conversion is to first form a new GmbH and then contribute the sole proprietorship into the company. In certain constellations, the contribution can also take place as part of a formation by way of contribution in kind. Here, however, we will outline the first-mentioned form of conversion.

Step 1: Formation of the GmbH and the Capital Increase Resolution

First, you, as the owner of the sole proprietorship or – in the case of several persons – of a GbR, form a regular GmbH. In order to transfer the existing sole proprietorship into this new structure, the next step is to resolve on an increase of the initially determined share capital. This increase in turn entails the creation of new shares. You need these in order to be able to subsequently transfer the sole proprietorship into the GmbH in a tax-neutral manner.

You offer these new shares to yourself. However, you stipulate that the acquisition of these new shares is only possible against payment of a so-called corporate-law premium (Agio). This premium is not to be paid in cash, but as a contribution in kind, namely by way of the complete contribution of your existing sole proprietorship.

Step 2: The Contribution and Transfer Agreement

The formal legal transfer of the sole proprietorship into the GmbH is then governed by the contribution agreement between you as the sole proprietor and your new GmbH.

In this agreement, you transfer your sole proprietorship to the GmbH with all rights and obligations, all assets and also all debts and liabilities. Decisive for the exact scope is a closing balance sheet prepared in advance by the tax advisor as at an agreed effective date.

The GmbH then fully enters into all existing contracts of the sole proprietorship (e.g. rental, leasing, maintenance or insurance contracts) and indemnifies the sole proprietor internally against liability claims. All business receivables as well as the balances in the business bank accounts are formally assigned to the GmbH.

The contribution can take place with retroactive economic effect as at an agreed effective date (e.g. the beginning of the year, but no more than 8 months back). From this date onwards, all profits and losses of the business are legally attributable to the GmbH.

To ensure that the change of legal form does not unintentionally lead to the immediate taxation of the value built up in the sole proprietorship and to the disclosure of hidden reserves, the GmbH must allocate the contributed business assets as a premium to the capital reserve (pursuant to Section 272 (2) No. 1 of the German Commercial Code, HGB) and file a so-called book value application with the competent tax office. This keeps the entire contribution process tax-neutral.

Upon registration of the new list of shareholders following the capital increase, the conversion also becomes fully legally effective vis-à-vis third parties.

Our Services

Would you like to set up your sole proprietorship as a GmbH to make it future-proof? We guide you through the entire conversion process with legal certainty – from the structuring and the drafting of the agreements in coordination with your tax advisor through to the final notarial execution. Feel free to contact us for an initial consultation.

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Frequently Asked Questions about Business & Companies

Frequently Asked Questions about Business & Corporate