Focus: GmbH – Conversion into a Holding Structure

We advise and support our clients in establishing their own holding structure. At a certain point, many entrepreneurs face the question of how to structure their company to limit liability, reinvest profits in a tax-optimised way, or prepare for the sale of company shares. One solution can be the establishment of a holding structure.

If an operating GmbH already exists, this structure can be implemented elegantly and in a tax-neutral manner by way of a so-called qualified share exchange pursuant to Section 21 of the German Reorganisation Tax Act (UmwStG).

Step 1: Formation of the Holding Company and the Capital Increase

First, the owners of the operating GmbH form a new company whose corporate purpose is the holding and management of shareholdings. This will become the future holding company. Since the holding company cannot simply take over the operating company without this having tax consequences that may in some cases be existential, a capital increase must be carried out in the next step. The amount of the capital increase is irrelevant; a small amount is generally sufficient. The sole purpose is to resolve on the creation of new shares associated with the capital increase. These new shares are needed in order to carry out the desired qualified share exchange. As part of the capital increase, it is resolved that the new shares will be issued with a so-called corporate-law premium (Agio). This means that the acquirer of the shares must pay not only the nominal value of the shares but also render an additional contribution, the corporate-law premium. This premium is not paid in cash, but is rendered as a contribution in kind by way of contributing their existing shares in the operating GmbH. The acquirers of these new shares will be the holders of the shares in the operating GmbH.

Step 2: The Declaration of Assumption

The shareholders of the operating GmbH must formally accept the obligation to take over the new shares in the holding company. This is done by way of a notarised declaration of assumption, in which the shareholders confirm that they will take over the new shares on the terms of the capital increase resolution.

Step 3: The Contribution and Transfer Agreement

The shareholders now formally and effectively transfer their shares in the operating GmbH to the holding GmbH by way of a contribution and transfer agreement.

To ensure that the share exchange does not unintentionally trigger the disclosure of hidden reserves and thus a potentially substantial tax burden, the holding company should be obliged to continue the contributed shares at their existing tax values and to file the so-called book value application with the tax office.

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The qualified share exchange is a legally precise instrument that is, in many cases, highly attractive from a tax perspective for establishing a holding structure in a largely tax-neutral manner. Given the strict requirements of German reorganisation tax law, precise contractual structuring is essential.

Are you considering converting your GmbH into a holding structure? We advise and support you from the tax preparation, together with your tax advisor, through the drafting of the agreements to the notarial execution. Contact us for a non-binding initial consultation.

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