Focus: Purchase of GmbH Shares and Share Deals

The purchase and sale of GmbH shares is one of the most significant transactions in corporate law. Whether it is the strategic admission of new shareholders, the entry of investors in the course of financing rounds, the adjustment of internal corporate structures or the preparation of an orderly business succession – there are many reasons why shares are bought and sold.

In a share deal, the shares in the company are sold as a whole or at least in substantial parts.

To protect all parties involved, the sale of shares is subject to strict formal requirements. Unlike listed shares, GmbH shares cannot be transferred informally; the purchase and transfer agreement must be notarised. In Germany, the transfer of GmbH shares without a notary is always legally invalid. This safeguards the legality of the transaction and protects the interests of all parties.

As a rule, a detailed examination of the company is carried out before the actual purchase. In this so-called due diligence, the buyer scrutinises the legal, financial and tax circumstances of the GmbH in order to determine the actual value of the shares and to minimise risks.

Once the parties reach an agreement, the purchase and transfer agreement is drafted, which contains not only the precise description of the shares to be transferred and the agreed purchase price, but also further important provisions. It governs warranties and indemnities as well as the exact economic transfer date. Flexible components such as future profit participations, earn-outs or repurchase rights, and possibly the accession to existing shareholders’ and investors’ agreements, can also be regulated there.

After notarisation, the agreed purchase price is paid and (if agreed) further conditions are implemented. Only when these have been fulfilled and the notary has been informed thereof does he submit the new, updated list of shareholders to the commercial register. This is because, in relation to the company, the buyer is only officially deemed a shareholder once he has been entered as a shareholder in the register folder. This also has practical implications, as only then can he exercise his voting and profit participation rights.

In our practice, we repeatedly deal with cases in which clients have ended up in difficult situations due to a lack of legal advice or incorrect legal advice. The fine print often contains pitfalls that are best clarified at an early stage.

Here are a few examples:

  • Transfer restrictions and consent requirements: Many articles of association contain so-called transfer restriction clauses (Vinkulierungsklauseln). In such cases, a sale only becomes effective once the co-shareholders or the management have explicitly consented to the transfer. This consent should be secured before a purchase agreement is signed and the purchase price is paid.
  • Pre-emption rights: Existing shareholders often have the right to acquire the shares themselves on the same terms with priority. If these rights are overlooked, the entire transaction can be blocked or claims for damages may follow.
  • Tax pitfalls & gift law: While the purchase price of GmbH shares is freely negotiable, tax consequences may arise if it deviates too significantly from the actual fair market value. The difference between the fair market value and the purchase price could be classified as a mixed gift and subjected to gift tax.

Our Services

The acquisition of shares – let alone a full share deal – requires not only legal precision but also strategic negotiating skill. This applies all the more in international constellations, in which investors and share purchasers are often not very familiar with the German market and German law. We have many years of expertise in advising on share transactions and venture capital constellations, on both the founder and the investor side.

We support you comprehensively, personally and confidentially in your venture if you place your trust in us!

We examine the existing corporate structures and articles of association of the companies in which you wish to invest. If the due diligence review has been successful, we draft, review and negotiate tailor-made purchase and transfer agreements that optimally safeguard your economic interests.

We represent our international clients in Germany. For the notarisation, you or your foreign partners do not necessarily have to travel to Germany in person. We offer our clients in Germany as well as in European and non-European countries legally secure representation solutions through our attorneys.

Are you planning to sell shares or to invest in a German GmbH? Rely on our experience. Contact us with a non-binding enquiry – we will guide your transaction safely to success.

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Frequently Asked Questions about Business & Companies

Frequently Asked Questions about Business & Corporate